The global expansion of the economy and population has spurred a surge in energy requirements. As per research conducted in 2018, within European Union households, space heating accounts for a significant 63.6% of the overall energy consumption, while space cooling via air conditioners and electric fans contributes to 20% of the world's current electricity consumption.

In recent years, with the decrease in energy sources such as natural gas and coal, the need for renewable energy has increased, and accordingly, energy storage has become a very important technology. Using the energy obtained from natural and renewable resources such as wind, solar, and water effectively and efficiently depends on storing these energies.

Oxygen level reduction occurs when oil contaminates water by creating a film that initiates toxic substances. This could result in the death of aquatic animals and plants, contaminate soil, and eventually endanger human health.